“竞争中立”制度的理论和实践
《"竞争中立"制度的理论和实践》厘清了"竞争中立"的发展脉络,分析了"竞争中立"从国内制度向国际经贸规则的演变路径,研究了"竞争中立"的国内法实践和国际法实践。从我国国有企业发展的历史入手，分析我国国有企业的改革逻辑与"竞争中立"制度之间的关系，对于我国目前正在进行混合所有制和分类经营改革能否有效地应对美国推广的"竞争中立"制度进行分析，并对我国政府和企业提出应对"竞争中立"制度的建议。
石伟，对外经济贸易大学法学博士（2012年）、美国康涅狄克大学法学硕士（LL.M.，2015年）。主要研究方向为国际商法、比较财产法。主持司法部部级课题1项，参与其他*和省部级课题多项。曾在《学术月刊》、《环球法律评论》、《暨南学报》、《东方法学》、《上海翻译》、《国际商法论丛》、Frontiers of Law in China等学术期刊（集刊）上发表论文、译文二十余篇。主编《法律英语阅读与翻译教程》（第2版，上海人民出版社2016年版）、《中华人民共和国物权法注释全书》（法律出版社2015年版），参编《法律英语阅读教程》（中国民主法制出版社2016年版）、《国际贸易争议与仲裁》（人民大学出版社2008年版）等。
节缘起
第二节主要内容
第三节主要研究方法
章“竞争中立”起源考：知识的考古
节“竞争中立”的界定
一、国别定义
二、国际组织的定义
三、学者的定义
四、“竞争中立”与竞争法/反垄断法
五、小结
第二节从“中立”到“竞争中立”的演变
一、“中立”的制度根源
二、从“中立”到“税收中立”
该书的作者石伟，自攻读硕士学位期间就在我的指导下进行学术研究工作，至今已有10年。可以说，我见证了他的学术成长过程：从一个略显懵懂但有学术激情的学生，成长为一名严谨理性的青年学人。应该说，他从事学术研究的这10个年头，是其学术和思想成长的黄金时期。无论他未来从事什么工作，这些年的历练和积累都为下一步的发展奠定了扎实的基础。
"竞争中立"这一概念是个舶来品。我国学界对"竞争中立"的研究在很大程度上来自政府对该问题的关注和强调。美国政府自2011年开始在全球范围内大力推广"竞争中立"的理念。鉴于"竞争中立"可能对我国的国际贸易、国企发展等产生重大影响，其一经提出，便引起了我国政府的高度关注，并组织各层次研究机构的人员开始研究。
2013年，我牵头申报了商务部的部级研究课题《欧美主导的新一代规则（公平贸易、竞争中立等）与我贸易摩擦应对》。石伟是课题组的重要成员之一，负责课题中"竞争中立"一章的研究和初稿的写作。该课题于2015年顺利结项，项目成果受到了商务部以及其他部委相关领导的好评。此外，在前期研究的基础上，石伟进一步扩充资料和深入研究，以"竞争中立"为主题，成功申请了司法部的部级课题，本书即是该课题的研究成果。
本书对"竞争中立"进行了系统而深入的研究。正如书名所示，其中既包括了"竞争中立"的基础理论，也涵盖了"竞争中立"在国内法和国际法上的实践经验。
本书的主要亮点是揭示了两个有重要意义的结论：，在美国"一体两翼"的推动模式下，"竞争中立"极有可能成为新的国际经贸规则；进一步地讲，"竞争中立"也可能通过扩展其外延，对既有的规制国有企业的其他国际规则进行整合和提炼，进而成长为国际贸易和投资中的基础性原则。第二，我国国有（国营）企业的改革历程，特别是改革开放之后的改革历程，充分地表明：我国国有企业的改革目标，与"竞争中立"的宗旨并无二致，在很大程度上都是为了实现不同所有权类型企业之间的公平竞争，强化市场在配置资源方面的基础性作用，终提高全体消费者的福祉。
基于上述研究得出的结论，我国实务界和理论界对"竞争中立"既不必抗拒，更无须恐惧。换言之，对于我国国有企业的改革与发展而言，"竞争中立"可能又是一个外来的机遇。
Shipping Overview:
• Shipping: Standard Domestic Shipping within the United States charges USD 4.99. Standard International Shipping from United Kingdom, Germany and Japan to the United States charges 14.99.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
《"竞争中立"制度的理论和实践》厘清了"竞争中立"的发展脉络,分析了"竞争中立"从国内制度向国际经贸规则的演变路径,研究了"竞争中立"的国内法实践和国际法实践。从我国国有企业发展的历史入手，分析我国国有企业的改革逻辑与"竞争中立"制度之间的关系，对于我国目前正在进行混合所有制和分类经营改革能否有效地应对美国推广的"竞争中立"制度进行分析，并对我国政府和企业提出应对"竞争中立"制度的建议。
石伟，对外经济贸易大学法学博士（2012年）、美国康涅狄克大学法学硕士（LL.M.，2015年）。主要研究方向为国际商法、比较财产法。主持司法部部级课题1项，参与其他*和省部级课题多项。曾在《学术月刊》、《环球法律评论》、《暨南学报》、《东方法学》、《上海翻译》、《国际商法论丛》、Frontiers of Law in China等学术期刊（集刊）上发表论文、译文二十余篇。主编《法律英语阅读与翻译教程》（第2版，上海人民出版社2016年版）、《中华人民共和国物权法注释全书》（法律出版社2015年版），参编《法律英语阅读教程》（中国民主法制出版社2016年版）、《国际贸易争议与仲裁》（人民大学出版社2008年版）等。
节缘起
第二节主要内容
第三节主要研究方法
章“竞争中立”起源考：知识的考古
节“竞争中立”的界定
一、国别定义
二、国际组织的定义
三、学者的定义
四、“竞争中立”与竞争法/反垄断法
五、小结
第二节从“中立”到“竞争中立”的演变
一、“中立”的制度根源
二、从“中立”到“税收中立”
该书的作者石伟，自攻读硕士学位期间就在我的指导下进行学术研究工作，至今已有10年。可以说，我见证了他的学术成长过程：从一个略显懵懂但有学术激情的学生，成长为一名严谨理性的青年学人。应该说，他从事学术研究的这10个年头，是其学术和思想成长的黄金时期。无论他未来从事什么工作，这些年的历练和积累都为下一步的发展奠定了扎实的基础。
"竞争中立"这一概念是个舶来品。我国学界对"竞争中立"的研究在很大程度上来自政府对该问题的关注和强调。美国政府自2011年开始在全球范围内大力推广"竞争中立"的理念。鉴于"竞争中立"可能对我国的国际贸易、国企发展等产生重大影响，其一经提出，便引起了我国政府的高度关注，并组织各层次研究机构的人员开始研究。
2013年，我牵头申报了商务部的部级研究课题《欧美主导的新一代规则（公平贸易、竞争中立等）与我贸易摩擦应对》。石伟是课题组的重要成员之一，负责课题中"竞争中立"一章的研究和初稿的写作。该课题于2015年顺利结项，项目成果受到了商务部以及其他部委相关领导的好评。此外，在前期研究的基础上，石伟进一步扩充资料和深入研究，以"竞争中立"为主题，成功申请了司法部的部级课题，本书即是该课题的研究成果。
本书对"竞争中立"进行了系统而深入的研究。正如书名所示，其中既包括了"竞争中立"的基础理论，也涵盖了"竞争中立"在国内法和国际法上的实践经验。
本书的主要亮点是揭示了两个有重要意义的结论：，在美国"一体两翼"的推动模式下，"竞争中立"极有可能成为新的国际经贸规则；进一步地讲，"竞争中立"也可能通过扩展其外延，对既有的规制国有企业的其他国际规则进行整合和提炼，进而成长为国际贸易和投资中的基础性原则。第二，我国国有（国营）企业的改革历程，特别是改革开放之后的改革历程，充分地表明：我国国有企业的改革目标，与"竞争中立"的宗旨并无二致，在很大程度上都是为了实现不同所有权类型企业之间的公平竞争，强化市场在配置资源方面的基础性作用，终提高全体消费者的福祉。
基于上述研究得出的结论，我国实务界和理论界对"竞争中立"既不必抗拒，更无须恐惧。换言之，对于我国国有企业的改革与发展而言，"竞争中立"可能又是一个外来的机遇。
Shipping Overview:
• Shipping: Standard Domestic Shipping within the United States charges USD 4.99. Standard International Shipping from United Kingdom, Germany and Japan to the United States charges 14.99.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
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