本练习曲集分两大部分:
*部分,训练手指的弹奏能力,着重练习传统指序和现代指序的各种不同运指的连接技术、变化指序与过弦方法,适合不同程度的演奏者。练习1~44,更适合初级和中级程度者,在学习掌握各种指法时,逐步提高手指基本能力;练习45~68,适合中级与高级程度的演奏者。对基本指法已经熟练掌握的演奏者而言,可以集中、有效地解决筝曲中特定的运指、连接和过弦方法的技术难点。
第二部分,针对左、右手大指、食指、中指和无名指全部不同的指序组合而编写,每种组合还可运用不同的节奏变化进行练习。具有中级与高级程度的演奏者和没有很多时间练习的教师或演奏家,可练习第1~24,且每日只需半小时练习时间,就可以练习全部的指序组合,以保持一定的技术状态。练习25是在四个固定的音位上,练习全部的指序组合,使每个手指都能得到足够的活动,是费时不多而收效显著的练习;练习26是为轮指而编写的;练习27~36,是各种不同节奏音型的变化练习,也适用于练习1~24各条。通过变化节奏的练习,使某一两个手指在不同的节奏中作部分的快速演奏,让其他手指处于休止状态。这一快速演奏与休止的反复练习,可以避免手指的过度疲劳,从而达到训练手指灵活的目的。
饮誉中国乐坛、蜚声海内外的当代中国筝乐大师项斯华,1940年生于上海,早年专修钢琴,后师承浙江筝名家王巽之,又从曹正、郭鹰学习其它流派筝乐,毕业于上海音乐学院民族音乐系。在校期间,首次尝试双筝演奏,初露锋芒,深获好评。毕业后,项斯华先后在北京电影乐团、上海乐团和中国歌剧舞剧院任古筝独奏演员,并任教于北京中央音乐学院及中国音乐学院,为中国音乐家协会会员、北京古筝研究会理事。
本书指序是指演奏古筝时用指次序的一般规律。
在古筝传统的演奏方法中,大、中、食三个手指有明显的分工:通常用大指和食指演奏曲调,其中又以大指为主;中指一般演奏低八度音,用来与大指高八度音相配合,八度以内的音用大指、食指弹;而同音则常用大指来回拨弹。以上这些用指的规律,我们称之为“传统指序”。
随着古筝演奏艺术的进一步发展,分解和弦、琶音被广泛运用,再加上演奏速度的逐步加快,传统指序已有很大突破,出现了“快速指序”的演奏方法。这一发展、更新指序的观念,可以应用于整个古筝演奏技术的范畴。我们把近几十年来出现的新指序,称之为“现代指序”。本练习曲集除注明是传统指序的练习外,其余都是根据现代指序进行编写的。
我们知道,乐器演奏不能离开技术,但优良、纯熟的技术则一定要通过专门的、持续的练习才能获得。编写本练习曲集的目的,一是为了帮助初级程度者学习基本演奏技术,二是为中、高级程度者提高演奏技术,三是为演奏家或教师巩固演奏技术,以保持高水平的技术状态。不同程度者可以根据需要选用适合的练习曲,可以按顺序、也可以不按顺序练习,由于附有详细的说明,因此也同样适用于自学者。但要记住,训练我们的双手,一定要在保持正确手型的前提下,让每一个手指都具有高度的独立性和灵活性。
我们应该改变以往仅仅通过练习乐曲来学习技术的习惯。然而,在目前,针对古筝基础训练的专门练习曲仍然缺乏。这本纯技术的基础练习曲集,每曲弹奏一个固定的指法组合,并连续不断地用双手同步在高、低不同音区重复练习,这样,在高低不同音区集中训练左、右手各种指法组合的同时,使手掌与手腕作相应配合。而且,记熟和练习这些练习曲也并不困难。只要持之以恒,每日练习,必定可以令我们的手指具有高度的独立性、灵活性,从而获得均衡的力度、优良的音质与美好的音色。无论是快速或慢速演奏,我们的发音都能呈现出清晰、悦耳的颗粒性。

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