

有了思想者,才有理想国!古希腊伟大的哲学家和思想家,客观唯心主义的创始人。与苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德并称为“希腊三贤”。《理想国》是柏拉图的代表作,是西方哲学家公认的“哲学大全”。
《理想国》又译为《国家篇》或《共和国》,是古希腊著名的对话体著作之一,也是西方传统政治思想*代表性的作品。全书通过苏格拉底与他人的对话,展现了一个完美的乌托邦式的世界。这本书不仅是柏拉图对自己此前哲学思想的概括和总结,还是当时各门学科的综合论述,书中广泛探讨了哲学、政治、宗教、伦理道德、教育、文艺、婚姻等各方面的问题,描绘出一个柏拉图认为的理想的国家。
柏拉图(前427—前347)古希腊伟大的哲学家和思想家,西方客观唯心主义的创始人,西方理性主义的代表,西方学术体系的开创者,世界历史上伟大的哲人之一。他和苏格拉底(他的老师)、亚里士多德(他的学生)并称为“希腊三贤”。柏拉图出身贵族,一生致力于哲学研究和教学,并创办雅典学院,是西方教育史上个提出完整的学前教育思想并建立了完整的教育体系的人。一生著述颇丰,主要著作有《伊壁鸠鲁篇》《苏格拉底的申辩》《理想国》《苏格拉底之死》等。
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对话发生在克法洛斯那栋坐落在比雷埃夫斯(Piraeus)的房子里;第二天苏格拉底把对话记录在了《蒂迈欧篇》(Timaeus)中,其他听众有三位,分别是赫墨克拉底(Hermocrates)、克里提亚斯(Critias)以及《蒂迈欧篇》中提及的一位无名人士。
昨天我和阿里斯顿(Ariston)的儿子格劳孔一起去了趟比雷埃夫斯,去向女神(般狄斯Bendis,色雷斯人阿尔忒弥斯Artemis)献上我的敬意。我很想看看他们会用何种方式来庆祝这个节日,毕竟这是件新鲜事。我对居民们的游行队伍感到很满意,虽然那不比色雷斯人的好到哪里去。我们祷告完,看过了精彩的表演,打算折返回城,不料克法洛斯的儿子玻勒马霍斯恰好远远地看到了归途中的我们,于是他让自己的仆人上来把我们截住。那位仆人从我身后拉住我的斗篷,说道:“玻勒马霍斯先生希望你们等他一下。”
我转过身,问他他的主人在哪儿。
仆人说:“就在你们后面啊,请等一等吧。”
格劳孔说:“非常乐意。”很快,玻勒马霍斯就出现了,他的身边还有格劳孔的弟弟阿德曼图斯、尼西亚斯(Nicias)的儿子尼塞拉都(Niceratus)以及其他几个大概也参加了游行队伍的人。
玻勒马霍斯对我说:“苏格拉底啊,我猜你和你的同伴已经准备回城了吧。”
我说:“是啊,你猜得没错。”
他说:“可是你看,我们的人要多多了!”
苏:“没错。”
玻:“你比我们这儿任何一个人要强壮吗?如果不是,那就留在这儿不要动吧。”
我说:“难道没有第二个选择吗?也许我们可以说服你们让我们走。”
玻:“你做得到吗?我们完全可以不听你们的。”
格劳孔说:“显然做不到。”
苏:“那么很遗憾我们不会如您所愿,我们是不会听的。”
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