仪式的消失：当下的世界
仪式的消失：当下的世界
（1）当下的社会是一个衰退的社会，一个商品化的社会，缺少使人们团结一致的象征体系。不受限制的新自由主义和不可阻挡的商业力量导致了21世纪的社会危机。个体认同的自恋化倾向和“群体转向内在”的病态心理由此而起。我们都成了原子化社会大潮中的个体漂流者。
（2）作者认为，仪式是人们共同的认知方式和价值体系，这由社会成员在仪式中分享象征物造成，它提供了一个立足点，我们借此能够理解时间/历史。作者追溯了古希腊时代的游戏观念，以及...
（1）当下的社会是一个衰退的社会，一个商品化的社会，缺少使人们团结一致的象征体系。不受限制的新自由主义和不可阻挡的商业力量导致了21世纪的社会危机。个体认同的自恋化倾向和“群体转向内在”的病态心理由此而起。我们都成了原子化社会大潮中的个体漂流者。
（2）作者认为，仪式是人们共同的认知方式和价值体系，这由社会成员在仪式中分享象征物造成，它提供了一个立足点，我们借此能够理解时间/历史。作者追溯了古希腊时代的游戏观念，以及历史上的某些民族传统，直到最近的电影艺术中体现出的生活样貌，入木三分地揭示出过度的肯定性使社会陷入病态，病因在于“不是过少，而是过多”。
（3）仪式规则不仅塑形社会结构，而且赋予生命以意义和情感。作者对仪式的考古学寻踪和人类学探求，并非旨在恢复旧日的仪式，而是期冀建构今日的仪式或仪式感。这不是乌托邦式的空想，而关乎每个人的“安身立命之地”，这正是东西方哲学家孜孜以求的精神境界和社会理想。
仪式是一种符号行为。它们流传下来并代表了承载着共同体的价值观和秩序。它们制造出一个没有交际的共同体，而如今一统天下的是没有共同体的交际。
如今的世界在符号方面非常贫乏。数据和信息没有象征力量，因此它们不容被再认识。符号的贫乏使得本来用于创造意义和共同体、稳固生命的图像和隐喻悉数流失。持续的体验在减少，而偶然性在急剧增加。
仪式和典礼是真正的人类行为，令生命显得喜庆又神奇。它们的消失是对生命的亵渎和庸俗化，是把生命变成生存。因此，通过对世界重新附魅，可望获得一种治愈的力量，以抵御集体自恋。
韩炳哲作品（第2辑）
韩炳哲（Byung-Chul Han）
德国新生代思想家。1959年生于韩国首尔，80年代在韩国学习冶金学，之后远渡重洋到德国学习哲学、文学和天主教神学。1994年，以研究海德格尔的论文获得弗莱堡大学博士学位。2000年任教于瑞士巴塞尔大学，2010年任教于卡尔斯鲁厄建筑与艺术大学，2012年任教于德国柏林艺术大学。
西班牙《国家报》（El País）誉其为“德国哲学界的一颗新星”。作品被译成十几种语言，在世界范围内引起广泛关注。
清新的文风，清晰的思想，深察洞识，切确而犀利的论述，让韩炳哲对于数字时代人类精神状况的批判，显得尤为重要且富于启发。
前 言 1
生产强制 3
本真性强制 19
闭合的仪式 29
节日与宗教 39
生死游戏 51
历史的终结 61
符号帝国 67
从决斗到无人机战争 77
从神话到数据主义 85
从诱惑到色情片 93
注 释 99
参考文献 109
附录 韩炳哲著作年谱 113
——德国广播电台（Deutschlandfunk）
韩炳哲属于这一类哲学家，在他们之前，没有人寻求改变世界之道，甚至没有人充分意识到这种改变的必要性。
——《高等教育内部参考》（Inside Higher Ed）
韩炳哲创造了一种他个人独有的思想传统。
——《周日世界报》（Welt am Sonntag）
阅读韩炳哲的书，意味着不断地被鞭策、唤醒。……他的社会批判虽然不谙体恤之情，但是他仍然热情地拥抱自己所处的这个时代。
——《杂志》（Das Magazin）
显然，韩炳哲选择了一种与传统学院派哲学不同的道路，而这一选择，让他收获了当下广泛的欢迎。
仪式被定义为圈地的符号技术（symbolische Techniken）。仪式把“在世”（In-der-Welt-Sein）转变成了“在家”（Zu-Hause-Sein），从世上变出了一个可靠的地方（Ort）。它们是空间中的住所在时间上的表现。它们使时间可以居住（bewohnbar）。（P4）
正是各种礼仪形式，如同礼貌一样，不仅使美好的人际交往成为可能，而且使人与物之间也能温柔相待。在一个仪式性的环境中，物不是被消费或消耗，而是被使用。（P6）
抑郁症不会发生在一个由仪式来决定的社会。在那里，灵魂被仪式的形式完全吸收，也就是被清空。仪式是入世性的（Welthaltig），它们创造了一个连接世界的强固纽带。抑郁症则是基于夸张的自我指涉，完全无力走出自我，走入世界，一个人把自我封闭在自身中，世界消失了。（P17）
本真性社会（Gesellschaft der Authentizität）是一个表演型社会。每个人都在表演自我。每个人都在生产自我。每个人都沉湎于对自身的盲信和膜拜。（P19）
只有沉思性的驻留才有可能闭合。闭上眼睛是沉思性闭合的象征。纷至沓来的图像和信息让人无法闭眼。如果没有否定性的闭合，就会造成无尽的叠加积累，造成肯定性的过剩，造成信息和交际的癌式扩散。（P29）
门槛是会说话的，是会转换的。门槛之外是他者，即陌生者。没有了门槛的幻想，没有了门槛的魔力，就只剩下同质化的地狱。建构全球化，是通过对门槛和过渡的无情拆解。信息和商品更喜欢一个无门槛的世界。（P38）
休息属于神圣的范畴。相反，劳动则是一种世俗的活动，在宗教行为期间必须完全停止。休息和劳动代表了两种根本不同的存在形式。（P41）
面对越来越多的生产强制和绩效强制，从生命中开发别样的、游戏性的方式是一项政治任务。当生命不再屈从于外在目的，而是关乎生命本身时，它就重新获得了游戏性。那就是沉思性的休息。如果生命完全失去了沉思性元素，人就会在自己的活动中窒息。（P49）
色情片可以被归纳为新自由主义之道。生产强制把一切推到前台，变得可见，一览无余。一切都无情地裸露在透明的光照下。当交际变得透明，被扁平化为加速的信息交换，它就变成了色情。当语言不再游戏，而只是传输信息时，它就变成了色情。当身体失去所有的场景特征，而只剩下功能时，它就变成了色情。色情的身体没有任何象征意义。（P97）
符号帝国
Reich der Zeichen
在诗歌中，人们享受着语言本身。劳动状态下的、为信息服务的语言，则无法被享受。劳动原则与享受原则势不两立。
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
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Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
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Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
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Email: cs@everymarket.com
（1）当下的社会是一个衰退的社会，一个商品化的社会，缺少使人们团结一致的象征体系。不受限制的新自由主义和不可阻挡的商业力量导致了21世纪的社会危机。个体认同的自恋化倾向和“群体转向内在”的病态心理由此而起。我们都成了原子化社会大潮中的个体漂流者。
（2）作者认为，仪式是人们共同的认知方式和价值体系，这由社会成员在仪式中分享象征物造成，它提供了一个立足点，我们借此能够理解时间/历史。作者追溯了古希腊时代的游戏观念，以及历史上的某些民族传统，直到最近的电影艺术中体现出的生活样貌，入木三分地揭示出过度的肯定性使社会陷入病态，病因在于“不是过少，而是过多”。
（3）仪式规则不仅塑形社会结构，而且赋予生命以意义和情感。作者对仪式的考古学寻踪和人类学探求，并非旨在恢复旧日的仪式，而是期冀建构今日的仪式或仪式感。这不是乌托邦式的空想，而关乎每个人的“安身立命之地”，这正是东西方哲学家孜孜以求的精神境界和社会理想。
仪式是一种符号行为。它们流传下来并代表了承载着共同体的价值观和秩序。它们制造出一个没有交际的共同体，而如今一统天下的是没有共同体的交际。
如今的世界在符号方面非常贫乏。数据和信息没有象征力量，因此它们不容被再认识。符号的贫乏使得本来用于创造意义和共同体、稳固生命的图像和隐喻悉数流失。持续的体验在减少，而偶然性在急剧增加。
仪式和典礼是真正的人类行为，令生命显得喜庆又神奇。它们的消失是对生命的亵渎和庸俗化，是把生命变成生存。因此，通过对世界重新附魅，可望获得一种治愈的力量，以抵御集体自恋。
韩炳哲作品（第2辑）
韩炳哲（Byung-Chul Han）
德国新生代思想家。1959年生于韩国首尔，80年代在韩国学习冶金学，之后远渡重洋到德国学习哲学、文学和天主教神学。1994年，以研究海德格尔的论文获得弗莱堡大学博士学位。2000年任教于瑞士巴塞尔大学，2010年任教于卡尔斯鲁厄建筑与艺术大学，2012年任教于德国柏林艺术大学。
西班牙《国家报》（El País）誉其为“德国哲学界的一颗新星”。作品被译成十几种语言，在世界范围内引起广泛关注。
清新的文风，清晰的思想，深察洞识，切确而犀利的论述，让韩炳哲对于数字时代人类精神状况的批判，显得尤为重要且富于启发。
前 言 1
生产强制 3
本真性强制 19
闭合的仪式 29
节日与宗教 39
生死游戏 51
历史的终结 61
符号帝国 67
从决斗到无人机战争 77
从神话到数据主义 85
从诱惑到色情片 93
注 释 99
参考文献 109
附录 韩炳哲著作年谱 113
——德国广播电台（Deutschlandfunk）
韩炳哲属于这一类哲学家，在他们之前，没有人寻求改变世界之道，甚至没有人充分意识到这种改变的必要性。
——《高等教育内部参考》（Inside Higher Ed）
韩炳哲创造了一种他个人独有的思想传统。
——《周日世界报》（Welt am Sonntag）
阅读韩炳哲的书，意味着不断地被鞭策、唤醒。……他的社会批判虽然不谙体恤之情，但是他仍然热情地拥抱自己所处的这个时代。
——《杂志》（Das Magazin）
显然，韩炳哲选择了一种与传统学院派哲学不同的道路，而这一选择，让他收获了当下广泛的欢迎。
仪式被定义为圈地的符号技术（symbolische Techniken）。仪式把“在世”（In-der-Welt-Sein）转变成了“在家”（Zu-Hause-Sein），从世上变出了一个可靠的地方（Ort）。它们是空间中的住所在时间上的表现。它们使时间可以居住（bewohnbar）。（P4）
正是各种礼仪形式，如同礼貌一样，不仅使美好的人际交往成为可能，而且使人与物之间也能温柔相待。在一个仪式性的环境中，物不是被消费或消耗，而是被使用。（P6）
抑郁症不会发生在一个由仪式来决定的社会。在那里，灵魂被仪式的形式完全吸收，也就是被清空。仪式是入世性的（Welthaltig），它们创造了一个连接世界的强固纽带。抑郁症则是基于夸张的自我指涉，完全无力走出自我，走入世界，一个人把自我封闭在自身中，世界消失了。（P17）
本真性社会（Gesellschaft der Authentizität）是一个表演型社会。每个人都在表演自我。每个人都在生产自我。每个人都沉湎于对自身的盲信和膜拜。（P19）
只有沉思性的驻留才有可能闭合。闭上眼睛是沉思性闭合的象征。纷至沓来的图像和信息让人无法闭眼。如果没有否定性的闭合，就会造成无尽的叠加积累，造成肯定性的过剩，造成信息和交际的癌式扩散。（P29）
门槛是会说话的，是会转换的。门槛之外是他者，即陌生者。没有了门槛的幻想，没有了门槛的魔力，就只剩下同质化的地狱。建构全球化，是通过对门槛和过渡的无情拆解。信息和商品更喜欢一个无门槛的世界。（P38）
休息属于神圣的范畴。相反，劳动则是一种世俗的活动，在宗教行为期间必须完全停止。休息和劳动代表了两种根本不同的存在形式。（P41）
面对越来越多的生产强制和绩效强制，从生命中开发别样的、游戏性的方式是一项政治任务。当生命不再屈从于外在目的，而是关乎生命本身时，它就重新获得了游戏性。那就是沉思性的休息。如果生命完全失去了沉思性元素，人就会在自己的活动中窒息。（P49）
色情片可以被归纳为新自由主义之道。生产强制把一切推到前台，变得可见，一览无余。一切都无情地裸露在透明的光照下。当交际变得透明，被扁平化为加速的信息交换，它就变成了色情。当语言不再游戏，而只是传输信息时，它就变成了色情。当身体失去所有的场景特征，而只剩下功能时，它就变成了色情。色情的身体没有任何象征意义。（P97）
符号帝国
Reich der Zeichen
在诗歌中，人们享受着语言本身。劳动状态下的、为信息服务的语言，则无法被享受。劳动原则与享受原则势不两立。
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
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Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
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Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
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Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
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Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
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Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
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Gift cards, prepaid game cards
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Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
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Customized or personalized products
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Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
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Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
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Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
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Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
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Phone: +1 636-312-5925
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Email: cs@everymarket.com
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