机敏问答·科学 （美）詹姆斯·E.伯比克 等
机敏问答·科学 （美）詹姆斯·E.伯比克 等
本书精选了1700多个人们问得很多、很有趣或很不同寻常的自然和科技知识方面的问题，按照物理和化学、太空、地球、气候和天气、矿物、能源、环境、生物、植物、动物、人体、健康和医学、度量、工具和武器、建筑与桥梁、交通工具、通讯、基础科学等分类。本书由詹姆斯·E.博比、内奥米·E.巴拉班编著。
鸣谢
物理和化学
能量、运动、力和热—光、声音和其他波—物质—化学元素等—测量法、方法论等
太空
宇宙—恒星—行星和卫星—彗星、陨石等—观察与测量—探索
地球
空气—自然特征等—水—陆地—火山和地震—观察与测量
气候和天气
温度—空气现象—风—降水—天气预报
矿物及其他材料
岩石与矿物—金属—自然物质—人造产品
能源
非核燃料—核能—测量单位和测量—消耗和保护
夸是理论上的粒子，被认为是物质的基本成分。夸是由美国理论物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者默里·盖尔曼(Murray Gell-Mann，1929-)命名的。夸起初是盖尔曼随意想出来的一个词，听起来像“Kwork(阔)”。后来，盖尔曼读到了詹姆斯·乔伊斯(James Joyce)的小说《为芬尼根守灵》中的一句话，“向麦老大三呼夸(Three quarks for Master Marks)”，于是这个词就变成了夸(Quark)。现在已知的夸有6种，分别用上、下、奇异、粲、顶和底来区别。每种夸有三种不同颜色(红、蓝和绿)。18种夸都有不同的电荷(这是所有基本粒子的一个基本特征)。三个夸组成一个质子(带有一个单位的正电荷)或一个中子(带有零电荷)，两个夸(一个夸和一个反夸)组成一个介子。同所有已知的粒子一样，夸有自己的反物质对立物，称为反夸(具有相同的质量，但相反的电荷)。
理查德·费因曼对物理学作出了怎样的贡献？
理查德·费因曼(Richard Feynman，1918-1988)发展了量子电动力学理论，描述了电子、正电子和质子的相互作用，为物理学家研究电子提供了一种新的研究方法。费因曼用自己的方式重构了量子学和电动力学，发明了表示量子场论计算中特定项的图，被称为费因曼图。费因曼因为在量子电动力学方面的研究成果，获得1965年诺贝尔物理学奖。
什么是亚原子粒子？
亚原子粒子是比原子小的粒子。从历目前来说，人们认为亚原子粒子是电子、质子和中子。然而，亚原子的定义现在已经扩大到包括基本粒子在内。基本粒子很好小，以至于它们似乎不能再由更小的单位组成。在20世纪，随着越来越优选复杂设备技术的发展，使对这种基本粒子的物理研究成为可能。在20世纪下半叶，已经发现许多新的粒子。
根据粒子的旋冲质量或它们的共性组织粒子，人们提出了许多建议。有一个体系观现在普遍称为标准模型。这个体系说明了基本粒子的两大基本类型：夸和轻子。其他载力粒子称作玻色子，如光子、胶子和引力子都是玻色子。轻子包括电子、u介子、乙介子及三类微中子。夸在本质上从不单专享生，它们总是组合在一起，形成粒子，称作强子。根据标准模型，所有其他的亚原子粒子都是由夸及其反粒子的某些组合而构成。质子由三个夸组成。
什么是依数性？
依数性只和溶质的粒子数目有关，而与溶质粒子本身的性质无关。依数性包括蒸汽压降低、沸点升高、凝固点降低以及渗透压等。对生物体系来说，很重要的依数性是渗透压。
除水以外，什么物质固态时比液态时密度小？
温馨提示：本店不会以“订单异常，系统升级，未付款成功”等等为由，要求您点击任何链接进行退款操作。有任何疑问请及时联系官方客服电话：400-072-0808（工作时间：9:00-22:00）。现货商品下单后48小时内配发货，预售商品请单独下单。由于个别商品版本更新较快，我们在尽力保证同步更新商品信息的情况下，仍不可避免会偶尔出现实物与网页所示信息存在微小差别，如印次，开本，页数等，请以实物为准，介意者慎拍。特别说明：“当当价”为本店销售价格；“定价”为出版社全国统一定价。感谢您一直以来对本店的支持，我们将一如既往地为您提供优质的服务。
运费政策：目前，本店针对不同商品设置了不同的运费计算方式，实际运费金额请以结算页面为准，有任何疑问请及时联系官方客服（电话：400-072-0808）。
促销须知：本店所设一切促销均不支持团购，同一账号、同一地址、同一手机号、同一IP反复购买活动商品，本店有权取消订单，终结交易，请谅解。
预售商品须知：所有预售商品，在到货后会按下单先后顺序第一时间为您发货，72小时内发货完毕，如遇特殊情况稍有延迟，敬请谅解。有任何疑问请及时联系官方客服（电话：400-072-0808）。
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
本书精选了1700多个人们问得很多、很有趣或很不同寻常的自然和科技知识方面的问题，按照物理和化学、太空、地球、气候和天气、矿物、能源、环境、生物、植物、动物、人体、健康和医学、度量、工具和武器、建筑与桥梁、交通工具、通讯、基础科学等分类。本书由詹姆斯·E.博比、内奥米·E.巴拉班编著。
鸣谢
物理和化学
能量、运动、力和热—光、声音和其他波—物质—化学元素等—测量法、方法论等
太空
宇宙—恒星—行星和卫星—彗星、陨石等—观察与测量—探索
地球
空气—自然特征等—水—陆地—火山和地震—观察与测量
气候和天气
温度—空气现象—风—降水—天气预报
矿物及其他材料
岩石与矿物—金属—自然物质—人造产品
能源
非核燃料—核能—测量单位和测量—消耗和保护
夸是理论上的粒子，被认为是物质的基本成分。夸是由美国理论物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者默里·盖尔曼(Murray Gell-Mann，1929-)命名的。夸起初是盖尔曼随意想出来的一个词，听起来像“Kwork(阔)”。后来，盖尔曼读到了詹姆斯·乔伊斯(James Joyce)的小说《为芬尼根守灵》中的一句话，“向麦老大三呼夸(Three quarks for Master Marks)”，于是这个词就变成了夸(Quark)。现在已知的夸有6种，分别用上、下、奇异、粲、顶和底来区别。每种夸有三种不同颜色(红、蓝和绿)。18种夸都有不同的电荷(这是所有基本粒子的一个基本特征)。三个夸组成一个质子(带有一个单位的正电荷)或一个中子(带有零电荷)，两个夸(一个夸和一个反夸)组成一个介子。同所有已知的粒子一样，夸有自己的反物质对立物，称为反夸(具有相同的质量，但相反的电荷)。
理查德·费因曼对物理学作出了怎样的贡献？
理查德·费因曼(Richard Feynman，1918-1988)发展了量子电动力学理论，描述了电子、正电子和质子的相互作用，为物理学家研究电子提供了一种新的研究方法。费因曼用自己的方式重构了量子学和电动力学，发明了表示量子场论计算中特定项的图，被称为费因曼图。费因曼因为在量子电动力学方面的研究成果，获得1965年诺贝尔物理学奖。
什么是亚原子粒子？
亚原子粒子是比原子小的粒子。从历目前来说，人们认为亚原子粒子是电子、质子和中子。然而，亚原子的定义现在已经扩大到包括基本粒子在内。基本粒子很好小，以至于它们似乎不能再由更小的单位组成。在20世纪，随着越来越优选复杂设备技术的发展，使对这种基本粒子的物理研究成为可能。在20世纪下半叶，已经发现许多新的粒子。
根据粒子的旋冲质量或它们的共性组织粒子，人们提出了许多建议。有一个体系观现在普遍称为标准模型。这个体系说明了基本粒子的两大基本类型：夸和轻子。其他载力粒子称作玻色子，如光子、胶子和引力子都是玻色子。轻子包括电子、u介子、乙介子及三类微中子。夸在本质上从不单专享生，它们总是组合在一起，形成粒子，称作强子。根据标准模型，所有其他的亚原子粒子都是由夸及其反粒子的某些组合而构成。质子由三个夸组成。
什么是依数性？
依数性只和溶质的粒子数目有关，而与溶质粒子本身的性质无关。依数性包括蒸汽压降低、沸点升高、凝固点降低以及渗透压等。对生物体系来说，很重要的依数性是渗透压。
除水以外，什么物质固态时比液态时密度小？
温馨提示：本店不会以“订单异常，系统升级，未付款成功”等等为由，要求您点击任何链接进行退款操作。有任何疑问请及时联系官方客服电话：400-072-0808（工作时间：9:00-22:00）。现货商品下单后48小时内配发货，预售商品请单独下单。由于个别商品版本更新较快，我们在尽力保证同步更新商品信息的情况下，仍不可避免会偶尔出现实物与网页所示信息存在微小差别，如印次，开本，页数等，请以实物为准，介意者慎拍。特别说明：“当当价”为本店销售价格；“定价”为出版社全国统一定价。感谢您一直以来对本店的支持，我们将一如既往地为您提供优质的服务。
运费政策：目前，本店针对不同商品设置了不同的运费计算方式，实际运费金额请以结算页面为准，有任何疑问请及时联系官方客服（电话：400-072-0808）。
促销须知：本店所设一切促销均不支持团购，同一账号、同一地址、同一手机号、同一IP反复购买活动商品，本店有权取消订单，终结交易，请谅解。
预售商品须知：所有预售商品，在到货后会按下单先后顺序第一时间为您发货，72小时内发货完毕，如遇特殊情况稍有延迟，敬请谅解。有任何疑问请及时联系官方客服（电话：400-072-0808）。
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
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