需求工程基础（第2版）：需求工程专业认证考试学习指南基础级/IREB标准
需求工程基础（第2版）：需求工程专业认证考试学习指南基础级/IREB标准
第1章简介和基础知识
1.1简介
1.1.1普遍项目中的数据和事实
1.1.2什么是需求工程
1.1.3将需求工程嵌入过程模型
1.2沟通原理的基础
1.3需求工程师的特征
亲爱的读者：
你手中的这本书是需求工程专业认证(CPRE)基础级官方教材。
本书的第二版与国际需求工程委员会(IREB)的课程安排(版本2.2)，以及IREB专业词汇术语表相一致。此外，版中的一些小瑕疵在这一版得到了更正。关于IREB和认证流程的简介可以在“需求工程专业认证(CPRE)考试”这一章节中找到。
本书的目标是帮助你准备需求工程专业认证的认证考试。它不仅适合你个人的考试准备，也适合作为培训机构相关培训课程的教材。
除了本书，你也应该查阅IREB网站上(http://www.ireb.org/en)发布的关于准备认证考试的信息。这些附加信息除了会覆盖考纲在版本2.2之后的更新外，也可能包含一些在你感兴趣的领域里的补充内容。本书的勘误表发布在IREB网站上。
本章学习目标
了解不同类型的需求来源。
了解需求来源的重要性以及忽视某些需求来源的后果。
了解利益相关者文档化的重要信息。
了解对待利益相关者的重要原则(他们的权利和职责)。
掌握并运用卡诺(Kano)模型的内容，了解其重要性。
了解选择获取技术的影响因素。
了解需求获取技术的优缺点。
掌握并运用需求获取技术和每个实例： 问卷调查、创新型技术、以文档为中心的技术、观察技术和其他技术。
需求工程的核心活动是获取待开发系统的需求。需求获取的基础是在需求工程过程中获取关于待开发系统所处的系统环境的知识，包括分析和查询需求来源。
3.1需求来源
需求来源的三种类型
有三种不同类型的需求来源。
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
第1章简介和基础知识
1.1简介
1.1.1普遍项目中的数据和事实
1.1.2什么是需求工程
1.1.3将需求工程嵌入过程模型
1.2沟通原理的基础
1.3需求工程师的特征
亲爱的读者：
你手中的这本书是需求工程专业认证(CPRE)基础级官方教材。
本书的第二版与国际需求工程委员会(IREB)的课程安排(版本2.2)，以及IREB专业词汇术语表相一致。此外，版中的一些小瑕疵在这一版得到了更正。关于IREB和认证流程的简介可以在“需求工程专业认证(CPRE)考试”这一章节中找到。
本书的目标是帮助你准备需求工程专业认证的认证考试。它不仅适合你个人的考试准备，也适合作为培训机构相关培训课程的教材。
除了本书，你也应该查阅IREB网站上(http://www.ireb.org/en)发布的关于准备认证考试的信息。这些附加信息除了会覆盖考纲在版本2.2之后的更新外，也可能包含一些在你感兴趣的领域里的补充内容。本书的勘误表发布在IREB网站上。
本章学习目标
了解不同类型的需求来源。
了解需求来源的重要性以及忽视某些需求来源的后果。
了解利益相关者文档化的重要信息。
了解对待利益相关者的重要原则(他们的权利和职责)。
掌握并运用卡诺(Kano)模型的内容，了解其重要性。
了解选择获取技术的影响因素。
了解需求获取技术的优缺点。
掌握并运用需求获取技术和每个实例： 问卷调查、创新型技术、以文档为中心的技术、观察技术和其他技术。
需求工程的核心活动是获取待开发系统的需求。需求获取的基础是在需求工程过程中获取关于待开发系统所处的系统环境的知识，包括分析和查询需求来源。
3.1需求来源
需求来源的三种类型
有三种不同类型的需求来源。
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
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